Poverty Comparisons Over Time and Across Countries in Africa

We use Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to compare “poverty” at two or more points in time within and between African countries. Our welfare measure is an index resulting from a factor analysis of various household characteristics, durables, and household heads’ education. An advantage of this measure is that for intertemporal and intraregional comparisons, we need not rely on suspect price deflators and currency conversion factors. The wide availability and similarity of questionnaires of the DHS facilitate comparisons over both time and countries. Our results generally show declines in poverty during the previous decade, largely due to improvements in rural areas.     

Welfare effects of bubbles in an endogenous growth model

This paper examines welfare effects of asset bubbles in an endogenous growth model with overlapping generations. In our model, a steady-state equilibrium with bubbles exists only if the presence of bubbles raises the welfare level of the initial generation. Bubbles can be beneficial to generations born at relatively early dates, whereas they reduce the welfare level of sufficiently distant future generations. Increasing the rate of supply of the useless asset improves the lifetime utilities of future generations.     

北欧福利国家的财政政簧

致力于提升社会福利水平的财政政策经济理论为北欧国家的财政政策制定和执行提供了理论框架，使北欧国家逐步发展为福利国家。然而本文认为该理论的某些假设并不切合实际。     

The brain drain, ‘educated unemployment’, human capital formation,and economic betterment1

Extending both the ‘harmful brain drain’ literature and the ‘beneficial brain gain’ literature, this paper analyzes both the negative and the positive impact of migration by skilled individuals in a unified framework. The paper extends the received literature on the ‘harmful brain drain’ by showing that in the short run, international migration can result in ‘educated unemployment’ and overeducation in developing countries, as well as a brain drain from these countries. A simulation suggests that the costs of ‘educated unemployment’ and overeducation can amount to significant losses for the individuals concerned, who may constitute a substantial proportion of the educated individuals. Adopting a dynamic framework, it is then shown that due to the positive externality effect of the prevailing, economy‐wide endowment of human capital on the formation of human capital, a relaxation in migration policy in both the current period and the preceding period can facilitate ‘take‐off’ of a developing country in the current period. Thus, it is suggested that while the migration of some educated individuals may reduce the social welfare of those who stay behind in the short run, it improves it in the long run.     

外资并购国有企业中的职工安置问题研究

长期以来,由于中国采取低工资、高就业的政策,再加上国有企业的高福利政策,更是使得职工不愿随意离去。这种情况,往往使企业在兼并的过程中,受到职工大力的反对而作罢。而政府也希望能够保障职工的权益,避免造成社会问题,于是颁布了一些关于职工安置的法规,并在确定资产转让价格时要考虑这一因素。但这成本的增加,却会使得兼并方却步,也不容易达成兼并的目标。该如何平衡这两者,最好的方式还是尽快建立社会保障制度,并且彻底的实施,才能达到双赢的局面。     

BERTRAND COMPETITION CAN YIELD HIGHER PRICES THAN MONOPOLY

If we take into account the spatial dimension of markets, prices of incumbent firms may be higher and consumer surplus may be lower with competition than with monopoly. This result obtains unambiguously, even in the supposedly highly competitive case of Bertrand competition. Moreover, we are able to show that consumers of the commodity may be worse off with duopoly, if the distance between the firms' sites is sufficiently large.     

基于社会责任角度对垄断国企上缴利润的思考

垄断企业得到垄断的超额利润,会导致社会贫富差距进一步分化,造成社会福利的损失。我国垄断企业的超额利润长期稳定存在。从增加社会福利的角度考虑,应加强垄断国有企业对垄断超额利润的上缴,并构建相应的垄断国企上缴利润的制度框架,实现有效的收入再分配。这是基于社会责任对垄断国有企业提出的要求。     

强制保险能否提高保险市场效率分析

本文以社会福利为衡量保险市场效率的标准,分析了实施强制保险是否有助于保险市场效率的提高。文章首先证明了在信息不对称的保险市场中存在着市场失灵现象;然后通过比较实施强制保险前后社会福利的差异,得出结论:实施强制保险有助于社会福利的改善,从而可以提高保险市场效率。     

外贸对城乡居民福利的影响分析

本文基于Stolper--Samuelson定理关于外贸对不同利益群体的福利分配存在不平衡影响的结论，根据中国二元经济的现实，实证分析了进出口对于中国城乡居民的福利影响，结果显示外贸对城镇居民的福利有显著影响，而对农村居民福利没有显著影响。文章分析了形成这种现象的原因，提出了提高外贸竞争力、通过外贸促进农村“城市化”、调整国民收入分配格局等政策建议。     

产权视角下城市社区居委会发展路径研究

我国城市格局逐渐由以单位为基本元素的体制向以社区为基本元素的体制变革，居委会是社区各项事务的管理与服务组织者，产权关系界定不清使居委会成为政府、民众乃至市场竞相逐利的“公共领域”，是导致社区工作效率低下的根本原因。为了明晰居委会的产权界定，实现社区资源的优化配置，市场化道路或者行政化道路应当是两条理想的改革路径。